Knowledge And Inherent Quality As A Leader â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Knowledge And Inherent Quality As A Leader? Answer: Introduction Leadership is defined as the quality of human being through which a team can be monitored and motivated to accomplish certain objectives. Leadership is used for the business scenario to emphasize the personality which can guide, motivate and give direction to the team for the assignment with specific business objective to accomplish by exercising self-quality of the required features.(Ward, 2017) This essay will highlight three major areas of leadership which I use to practice for accomplishment of my leadership objective to justify Personal Leadership Model or PLM. The three areas are ethics, teamwork and multiculturalism. Being a supervisor in a business unit, it is my primary responsibility to lead my team through the traits of these three areas to ensure accomplishment of business objective by applying proper strategies. Perception of leadership and my position Leadership is such quality which enhances the ability of individual to guide the team. The perception of leadership of my practice is always depending upon trait theory of leadership. This leadership theory teaches me the qualities to assess my own ability towards coveted results, integrity, my own ability and direction. (Anon., 2017) The conception of trait approach has taught me different strengths of this theory of leadership like its intuitive appeal of leadership. This PLM is run with the perception of its difference for the special traits they belong to as the followers want to see their leaders as different from general with the ability to lead the team by the gifted quality.(Northhouse, 2017) My position in the business unit as a supervisor of the production team demands leadership to guide the team members with the clarity of business objectives and good knowledge of proper strategies to accomplish those objectives. When any new change is coming in the operations, the team needs clear guidance to adopt that with specific business strategy to accomplish the changed business objective. For this purpose, I use to place the changed situation to the team, asking for their own valuable inputs and then decide to implement the strategy adjudging the strength and weakness of new applicable process. Leadership theories This theory is depending upon different traits with necessary skills of leadership, as demanded by the situation which are focusing on the features of Adaptability of situation, cautious about social environment, orientation by ambition and accomplishment, assertion oriented, focused on cooperation and forced with decision making and dependable with dominance. Basic skills for exercising trait theory of leadership are cleverness, skilled with concept, creativity, practice of diplomacy and tactfulness, strong communication skill., clear concept of team effort as per task orientation, focused with persuasion and socially skilled features.(minds, 2017) Participative theory This theory of leadership is sponsoring the concept of participation by the stakeholders instead of practicing any autocratic practice to ensure leadership. This theory always promotes the concept of mass listening and collaborative decision. This leadership never sponsors the autocratic theory of leadership which is mainly driven by the self force to dictate others.(Minds, 2017) Contingency theory This theory is based on the assumptions of the ability of leader to face any contingent situation due to several balancing factors. This theory is promoted with the class of behavioral theories which promotes the concept of non-matching of leadership style to be followed universally.(minds, 2017) My future plan The objective of individual always depends upon business objective of the workplace and the objective of the leader is to ensure successful compliance of the need of the business strategies. For this purpose, the leader has to make his self escalation through inputs of academic and professional training. My future plan is to enhance my level of knowledge as per the need of the situation and transmit my knowledge through sharing with my team in order to make them understand their future course of action and the way to execute that for accomplishment of coveted result. Team can only be motivated when they can found their leader is well equipped with the required level of knowledge and the skill to execute. As a production supervisor, I have to be well updated about the latest trend of technological changes featuring in the industry in respect of production process. This enhanced level of knowledge can make me able to understand the changed scenario of the industry in respect of product ion process. My team will look for the required guidance about the changed pattern of production through technological initiative and thus they can be able to deliver as per coveted level of result when they will be guided by me. My objective as a leader I want to see myself as a leader of well acceptance through the application of Trait theories of leadership. This theory taught me the objective of PLM as a leader who will run the show with the entire team taken into confidence. There are three areas as ethics, teamwork and multiculturalism which are my main areas of concern while practicing leadership. Ethics is basic feature for any leader while working for an organization and practicing leadership for the team. It is the prerequisite for any leader to prove his sustainability for the organization and the team. Working ethics and leadership ethics obviously differs from each other so far its importance is concerned. Working ethics can define the integrity of the individual towards his work, while the leadership ethics always drives an individual to present himself ethically to his team. (Fernandes, 2017) Teamwork is another area of concern for practicing leadership for me. Teamwork is required for any leader to ensure about his image to his subordinates. Being a leader, I have to ensure that the team should feel free to come to me for any type of problems they face in any aspect. Teamwork can only be ensured through implementation of planning, assessing and communicating. Being leader, I have to plan my future course of action, communicate the same to my team and making assessment of the operation process which is in place by the team. It is the lesson of management that managers with better teamwork can deliver better result for the organization. To ensure better teamwork, I have to earn the knowledge of planning, communicating to my team and assessing their output. (Morley, 2017) Multiculturalism is another important area which is to be ensured by trait leadership. In present global context of expatriate workers, different ethnicity and culture of workers are to be taken into consideration for smooth operation of the organization. Workers from different ethnicity have their own thoughts and style of delivering output which cannot be generalized. Moreover multiculturalism is another area which attracts patience and respect for different cultures. As a leader I have to practice the basic requirements to adhere the needs of multiculturalism. As a leader I have to practice five values which include politeness, honorable, acceptability, kindness and patient hearing. These values can make the workers of different cultures friendlier with obvious adaptation of the work style applicable. (Ruiz, 2016) My insistence as a leader It is my priority to see that the objective of the business is to be honored first. To ensure that, I have to identify the areas of concern that can add value to the operations of the organization. I also have to look after the workers for their difficulties so that they can feel my presence to them as a team member. Micro objectives of workers are to be honored by me so that I can ensure the accomplishment of macro objective of the organization. Value addition through knowledge gathering and sharing the same with my team will make my position as a leader stronger. Hence I will always insist on my enhancement of knowledge base in order to keep my team upgraded and thus ensure better option of delivering the output for the organization. My stand as a Leader Which I should not do- Being a leader I should ensure that my team should feel the ambience of democracy. I will not insist on any such action which may generate the feeling of mistrust within the team. At the same time I will not share the personal information of the members of my team to others as a practice of confidentiality. The interest of the organization will get highest priority to me, but there is always ample priority for the team members for me. I should not do anything which can hamper organizational interest as well as individual interest of the team members. As a leader, I should never indulge in ignoring the multiculturalism of the team members. Which I should start doing- It is my dream to be the production manager of this business unit in future. To accomplish my objective, I have to be well equipped with knowledge and team management. Knowledge base enhancement can make my future strong so far my ability is concerned. Team management in efficient way can prove me as an effective and successful leader to run a big team. I should start studying individual psychology to understand my team better. These future steps will keep my dream alive and one day I will lead the entire production team of this business with the objective of making this business unit prospers as per future business objective. Conclusion Leadership is such a quality which can make an individual capable of handling the team for the common objective of the organization. Team is looking for leader for guidance and direction along with good personality to understand their problem. Being a believer of trait theory of leadership, I would practice leadership with special emphasis on ethical practice, teamwork and multiculturalism. It is the demand of leadership to ensure these three areas are to be honored with due respect so that trait leadership theory can establish its worth. The business unit where I work as a production supervisor demands these areas as these will ensure my deliverance to the organization and to the team as a proper executor of corporate strategies to accomplish objectives of the business and forma strong team who will believe on me as a true leader to stand beside them in case of their need. Trait theory of leadership taught me the specific focus areas of leadership which I will accomplish with my kno wledge and inherent quality as a leader. References: Ano., 2017. ORG Module Unit 6: Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/psychology/organising/page_06.htm [Accessed 25 September 2017]. Fernandes, P., 2017. How to be an ethical leader. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5537-how-to-be-ethical-leader.html [Accessed 25 September 2017]. minds, C., 2017. Contingency Theory. [Online] Available at: https://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/styles/participative_leadership.htm [Accessed 30 September 2017]. Minds, C., 2017. Participative theory. [Online] Available at: https://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/styles/participative_leadership.htm [Accessed 30 September 2017]. minds, c., 2017. Trait Theory. [Online] Available at: https://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/theories/trait_theory.htm [Accessed 30 September 2017]. Morley, M., 2017. Teamwork vs. Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/teamwork-vs-leadership-23315.html [Accessed 25 September 2017]. Northhouse, 2017. Trait Approach. [Online] Available at: https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/30933_Northouse_Chapter_2.pdf [Accessed 25 September 2017]. Ruiz, J., 2016. Five Ways to Effective Multicultural Leadership. [Online] Available at: https://alderkoten.com/5-ways-to-effective-multicultural-leadership/ [Accessed 25 September 2017]. Ward, S., 2017. Leadership Definition. [Online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/leadership-definition-2948275 [Accessed 25 September 2017].

Australian Education Growing In University †Myassignmenhelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Australian Education Growing In University? Answer: Introduction Competitive business environment is significant for the business organizations regarding gain the competitive advantage. The main of this marketing plan is to analyse the marketing and competitive environment of the CQ University. Though, different external environment factors are considerable for the University for increasing the global presence towards the different competitors. At the same time, it may create the problem for the University brand while applying the competitive strategy for measuring the academic performance of the students. On the other hand, University analyses the different external factors for evaluating the marketing and environmental analysis like PEST analysis, competitor analysis, segmentation and targeting, SWOT analysis, value and brand positioning, marketing mix strategy, and budget allocation. Consequently, these external factors may help to improve the University performance and environment. Background CQ University is the one of the largest regional University of the Australia, which is situated in the North Rockhampton, Australia. Over more than 35000 students are registered in the University in various programs (CQ University Australia, 2017). Though, University provides more than 300 courses in 25 campuses in more than 20 locations. This indicates the goodwill of the University is strong in the Australian education sector. In doing so, University rejoices the 25 years anniversary as a regional University in the Australia. Moreover, it provides the flexible study environment to their students so that it can improve their learnings and skills. On the other hand, University offers various academic courses like research, graduate, post graduate, and vocational courses. In order to provide better education and training, University amalgamate in 2014 with CQ TAFE. Moreover, University is also focused towards the research activities through collaboration and partnership with the commu nity and industry. In this manner, University achieved an award of Excellence in Research Australia (ERA) in 2015 (CQ University Australia, 2017). Instead of this, University future marketing plan is to conduct the various courses and research activities through distance learning. Market Summary and Demand Analysis of University Marketing plan of CQ University is to enlarge the student skills and knowledge thereby; they can easily face the future global challenges. Similarly, there are different factors, which are increasing the demand of CQ University such as it provides the good learning to their students through the highly experienced tutors (Kassens-Noor, 2016). Concurrently, University supports in different online vocational courses, conduct training programs, and conduct various research activities. Here analyze the market summary and demand estimation of CQ University trend Above diagram depicts the student admission ratio in the CQ University. It shows the ratio of graduate and postgraduate students are continuously rising. It indicates that the enrollment of international and local students may get a rise in the future in different academic programs. Thereby, it helps to increase the market share of the University as well as it raises the opportunity for quality education in the Australia (Braun, et al., 2014). However, University facilitates to provide the good learning environment to their students, which will help to create more demand towards the different programs of University. At the same time, University provides the different research activities, online courses and vocational courses, which will quite helpful to attract more students towards them. Segmentation and Target Market Analysis CQ University is the leading regional University in Australia. In order to increase the academic courses, University should identify the people who have an interest in higher studies. Further, the target market of the University should be domestic and meritorious students. Concerning this, University should conduct the advertisement campaign in their neighbourhood countries so that it can retain and attracts the more students (Hemsley-Brown and Oplatka, 2015). Likewise, University marketing plan is to achieve the target of 50000 students across the global. This can be done through the students studying in the school and other sources. Moreover, Australian education sector is continuously rising. Thus, it can be said that University has sufficient space to spread the information across the Australia. PEST Analysis Over the years, Australian education is raising thereby, many of neighbouring countries students are getting enrolled in the Australian universities. Concerning this, Australian Bureau of Statistics is also indicated that the no of admission is increasing over the period. Although, 14% Australian adults opting the further higher studies. Here use the PEST analysis for the CQ University in terms of analyzing macro environment of the University. Political and Economic factors Large no of international and local students are enrolled in the Australian University due to effective courses, research activities, and training. Political factor is quite effective for the CQ University, because the stability of the government is existing in the Australia, thereby, government is already invested the $200,000,000 amount annually in order to provide quality education to international as well as domestic students. For this, University can easily invest more in academic activities, social activities, and research and innovation activities (Ho, 2014). On the other hand, economic conditions of the Australia and neighbour countries have been improved. High employment rate is quite effective for the University in terms of large quantity of students registered in different courses (Feng and Liu, 2017). For this, students can easily get the higher education through loans. Social and technological Australian people having a high living standard, which demonstrates the level of education is high. Higher education level enables the University to retain more students towards the different courses. Concurrently, high literacy rate would be helpful for the University regarding retain more students (Shabanova, et al., 2015). Concerning this, University grants the permission to their students in terms of making the unity inside the diverse classroom. Despite to this, Australian government invests the large amount in the research and innovation, and technology. This will be helpful for the University to spread the information in different campuses as well as it enhances the skills and knowledge of the tutor and students (Ab Talib, et al., 2014). Similarly, University slowly moves towards the digitalized campus. For this, it switches their different courses through the online gateway. This will significantly increase the students ratio in the University different campuses. Meanwhile, U niversity facilitates to provide the Wi-Fi connectivity to their students and tutors in order to teach in a better way as well improves its productivity at the global level. Competitor Analysis CQ University has effectively provided the learning environment to their students. At the same time, there are different competitors of the CQ University, which provides same courses such as The University of Melbourne, University of Technology Sydney, The University of New South Wales, Victoria University, Western Sydney University, and Australian National University. Despite to this, some global competitors of CQ University is the National University of Malaysia, University of Tokyo, National University of Singapore, and RMIT University. Though, these universities are also competing with each other regarding same courses for gaining more market share in Australia (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). In order to take a competitive advantage, University offers the distance education and research courses through online to their students, which can be helpful to increase the University feasibility (Hollensen, 2015). Similarly, highly qualified and globally staff would be helpful to increase the University presence in the different subject field like natural science, social science, media and communication, engineering and so on. Moreover, University also enjoys the competitive advantage through effective research activities. In the current environment, students of University are satisfied with different running courses. Though, University more focuses towards the social innovations, students empowering, which strengthens the students skill and knowledge. Thus, there are some other competitive factors of the University are learning environment, tutor support, effective R D activities, and good corporate governance (Luxton, et al., 2015). CQ University is also tie up with different u niversities and industry so as to fulfil the required skills. This can be helpful to increase the students employability. Apart from this, the aim of the Australian Universities is to overcome any issues, which may impact on the student academic performances and college campuses. Likewise, Competitors aims to provide every type of academic support and guidance to their students. The objective of the every University is to become the largest Australian University as well as to become the role model of other global universities. On the other hand, promotional marketing of the Universities is to promote the different courses through social media network and other promotional tools, which can be helpful to increase the University presence towards more people (Hubbard, et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Here analyzes the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat of the CQ University as follows: SWOT Analysis of CQ University Strength (S) Weakness (W) High goodwill of the University Provide more than 300 courses on 25 campuses Award of Excellence in Research Australia (ERA) Tutors support in academic Harder to implement changes in different campuses at the same time (Bull, et al., 2016). Large competitors regarding same courses Different location creates the problem while implementing any new changes Opportunity (O) Threats (T) Australian government support the higher studies Local schools students may create the opportunity for the University in terms of retaining more students. University may face the problem related how student obtain visas for higher studies Fear of losing academic faculty due to a good opportunity (Mackay, et al., 2016). Value and Brand Positioning CQ University is one of the largest Australian regional universities, which has created its own brand image across the Australia. Though, there are different factors, which are created the value for the University such as tutors support, quality education, learning environment, effective research and innovation, and more than 300 programs (Gengler and Mulvey, 2017). Similarly, University strengthens the skills and capabilities of the students through providing effective teaching methods and training. In terms of value, University has five values, which underpins the students and staff regarding participation in different campus activities. For this, University design the effective study culture, which creates the develop opportunities for the students. Likewise, effective values enable the University to maintain the good relationship with its stakeholders (Sirianni, et al., 2013). CQ University should participate at a global level in terms of research activities in such a way that it presents good track record. Moreover, it should create the buzz towards its different courses so as to raise its marketing. In context brand positioning, University must create the positive learning environment in such a way that student can easily learn multiple things and raise its skills through other activities. As a result, it can be helpful to improve the quality education and productivity of University, which may positive impacts on the University brand positioning (Khanna, et al., 2014). Further, CQ University increases the employability and capability of their students through collaboration with different colleges and universities. Thus, above values are significant to raise the brand positioning of the University. Though, effective research innovations and ideas have also generated the values for the community. This can be positive impacts on the brand position of the University. Proposed Marketing Aim and Promotional Objectives for 2018 with Justification In the current education era in the Australia, the aim of the CQ University is to facilitate to offer the specialize education and conduct various training programs for enhancing the academic performances and students employability. Simultaneously, University has also an aim to coordinate with different sponsorship activities and its suitability, which will be helpful for the students regarding facing the global challenges (Eteokleous, et al., 2016). Moreover, University plan will align the high education programs and conduct the research seminars so as to improve the practical skills of the students. Likewise its plan is to invest the huge amount on extracurricular activities, which helps to raise the sustainability of the University. On the other hand, promotional objectives of the University for 2018 are to spread the academic excellence of the University of the Australia. Concurrently, the future promotional objective of the CQ University is to attract the international students towards the different academic courses. Another promotional objective is to build up the corporate image of the University around the world so that more students will enrol. University also reflects his promotional strategy by effectively using the social media (Stelnicki, et al., 2015). This can be helpful for the CQU in terms of his effectively academic excellence. Marketing Mix Strategies CQ University is largely based on the traditional approach, it has a large no of Face book followers. Concerning this, approx 62890 followers like the University page on Face book, which has a positive impact on the more people. Marketing mix strategy is significant for the companies while promoting the new products. There are different types of marketing mix strategy that can be used by the CQ University like price, place, promotion, and product (Huang and Sarigll, 2014). For this, product shows the different academic courses, which are offered by the University is like graduate, vocational courses, post graduate, PhD Courses, and research. However, pricing strategy of the University is different as per the local and international students. At the same time, University is also fixed the process of different courses through different aptitude exams like GRE, SAT, and GMAT. Further, there are different promotional tools that can be used by the University while promoting the different courses such as a magazine, email, WebPages, Uninews, newspaper, Facebook, online ads, yellow pages, banners and leaflets, and digital signage (Fan, et al., 2015). Thus, these tools are effective to enhance the brand image of the University towards the more people. Similarly, above tools are also helpful to retain more international students in respect of the different academic courses. Along with this, University especially uses the social media for images, which can be helpful to reach out to more students. Further, University is located at North Rockhampton and its main aim is to provide the effective learning to their students in open environment. Thereby, University provides the online platform to their students for registering its name in different academic courses (Armstrong, et al., 2014). As a result, this strategy is effective for the University while promoting the new academic courses. In terms of future marketing strategy, University should take participate in special fairs and college associations, which can be helpful for the students to getting learn more things in the future. Competitive strategy Competitive strategy helps the organization to gain the competitive advantage. There are a different competitive strategy that can be used by the CQ University such as cost leadership, cost focus, differentiation leadership, and differentiation focus. Therefore, CQ University is used the differentiation strategy, because it helps to target the international and domestic students towards the academic excellence and different more than 300 academic courses. Along with this, it offers the different quality programs and vocational courses, which is significant to strengthen the competitive edge of the University (Santandreu, et al., 2015). This strategy creates the value for the University thereby; student gets attract more and enrolled them. Media and Budget Allocation The following table summarises the media and budget allocation of the CQ University Media and Budget Allocation for 2018 Particulars Amount ($) Advertisement in newspaper 2500 Advertisement in TV 8000 Advertisement in outdoor media 4000 Social media marketing 1700 Collaboration with industry and Universities 5600 Sponsorship of Events 10200 Others 8000 Total $40000 Above table depicts that the media and budget allocation of the CQ University. This indicates the CQ University make the investment plan for future with the help of different media, it means it invest the $40000 in different academic and research activities in 2018. This can be helpful to raise the University presence at the global level (Zhang, et al., 2016). Consequently, it will be quite helpful for the university in terms of more students enrolled in different academic courses. BCG Matrix Here analyses the current position of the CQ University through BCG Matrix Above diagram shows the four quadrants of the BCG matrix, this indicates that the CQ University offers the various academic and vocational courses, which comes from the cash cow quadrant. Because of this, University has low growth as compared to other top Universities in Australia. Meanwhile, the market share of the university is high. Though, it has the opportunity to grab the star through effective strategy related to providing the effective student's solutions (Shanbhag, et al., 2016). Conclusion On the basis of above analysis, it can be examined that the CQ University is leading the regional University of the Australia. It can be analyzed that the more than 35000 students are enrolled in the different courses in 25+ campuses. Simultaneously, tutor support and effective courses would be helpful for the University in terms of attracting more students. It has also analyzed that the marketing mix strategy improves the University growth. Further, all external factors are quite effective for the University in terms of proving quality education as well as retain large students. University gains the competitive advantage through differentiation strategy. University constantly focuses towards the student learnings and employability, which may help to increase the brand image of University at the global level. However, it allocates the fixed budget of $40000 for 2018 in terms of more feasibility of University courses and its excellence. Concurrently, values of University are quite hel pful to maximise the brand positioning. References Ab Talib, M. S., Hamid, A. B. A., Zulfakar, M. H., Jeeva, A. S. (2014). Halal logistics PEST analysis: the Malaysia perspectives.Asian Social Science,10(14), pp.119. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Australia: Pearson. Braun, S., Dwenger, N., Kbler, D., Westkamp, A. (2014). Implementing quotas in university admissions: An experimental analysis.Games and Economic Behavior,85, pp.232-251. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C. Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. CQ University Australia (2017). About Us. Retrieved from: https://www.cqu.edu.au/about-us CQ University Australia (2017). About Us. Retrieved from: https://www.cqu.edu.au/about-us/about-cquniversity Eteokleous, P. P., Katsikeas, C. S., Leonidou, L. C. (2016). Review of Research on CSR in International Marketing: 19932013. InLets Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketings Engagement Era,pp. 683-684. Fan, S., Lau, R. Y., Zhao, J. L. (2015). Demystifying big data analytics for business intelligence through the lens of marketing mix.Big Data Research,2(1), pp.28-32. Feng, J., Liu, C. (2017). Strategy for Developing Cold Chain Logistics in Zhengzhou Air Harbor Comprehensive Economic Experimentation Zone Based on PEST Analysis. InMATEC Web of Conferences,100, pp. 05048. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. USA: FT Press. Gengler, C. E., Mulvey, M. S. (2017). Planning pre-launch positioning: Segmentation via willingness-to-pay and means-end brand differentiators.Journal of Brand Management, pp.1-20. Hemsley-Brown, J., Oplatka, I. (2015). University choice: what do we know, what dont we know and what do we still need to find out?.International Journal of Educational Management,29(3), pp.254-274. Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Australia: Pearson Education. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors, pp. 113-132. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014).Strategic management. Australia: Pearson. Kassens-Noor, E. (2016). Flip, move, tweet: a blended course design for different learning environments in urban planning, sustainability, and climate change university courses.International Journal for Scholarship of Technology Enhanced Learning,1(1). Khanna, M., Jacob, I., Yadav, N. (2014). Identifying and analyzing touchpoints for building a higher education brand.Journal of Marketing for Higher Education,24(1), pp.122-143. Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), pp.37-46. Mackay, M., Joyce-McCoach, J., Stephens, M., Cutler, N., Brown, R., Fernandez, R. Traynor, V. (2016). Review of transnational nursing education programme curricula: process, findings, and recommendations.Nurse education today,42, pp.73-77. Santandreu, J. R., Shurden, M. C., Chambers, T. (2015). STUDENT INTERACTION IN A TEACHING/LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIFFERENTIATION.ASBBS Proceedings,22(1), pp.357. Shabanova, L. B., Ismagilova, G. N., Salimov, L. N., Akhmadeev, M. G. (2015). PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), pp.705. Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M. L., Bagwe, S. (2016). Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Sirianni, N. J., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., Mandel, N. (2013). Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.108-123. Stelnicki, A. M., Nordstokke, D. W., Saklofske, D. H. (2015). Who is the successful university student? An analysis of personal resources.The Canadian Journal of Higher Education,45(2), pp.214. Zhang, B. L., Qian, Z. Z., Li, W. Z., Tang, B., Lu, S. L., Fu, X. (2016). Budget Allocation for Maximizing Viral Advertising in Social Networks.Journal of Computer Science and Technology,31(4), pp.759-775.

Deviance In Gang Involvement Why Join A Gang Essays - Crime

Deviance In Gang Involvement: Why Join A Gang? Mark Sirignano 027-66-7577 Tues. Thur. 9:25-10:40 12-14-99 Deviance in Gang Involvement: Why Join a Gang? The problem of gang activity is not a new one facing our country. Ever since the beginnings of human existence gangs have served as a means of protection for humans. The issue of gang activity has recently, however, come to the forefront of dilemmas facing our nation. While cities like Chicago and Los Angeles are chronic gang sites, other cities such as ?Miami, Portland, Columbus, Dallas, and Milwaukee have only recently (within the last decade) had what they termed as a gang problem? (Conly 7). Gang numbers have, without question, skyrocketed over the past 10 to 20 years. Los Angeles, for example, has recently been estimated to have as many as 90,000 gang members (Conly 14). The importance of these numbers cannot be overlooked. However, to fully understand the problems that gangs may pose to society, the term gang must be defined. Without a definition the impact of gang maliciousness on society may be lost. Throughout its history the term ?gang? has possessed a diverse usage, being linked to outlaws in the ?wild west? and organized crime groups among others (Decker and Van Winkle 2). Due to this, a clear-cut definition of a gang does not exist. However, most agree that a gang is a group of mostly males that engages in delinquent activities. However, the definition goes much further than that. A police officer, for example, may call a gang ?an on-going, organized association of three or more persons who individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in criminal activity? (Conly 5). Notwithstanding, this definition is terribly obscure. That definition could include a group of boys who occasionally drink alcohol. On the other hand it could also include a group of youths that rapes and steals from old ladies. This definition obviously ranges from one extreme end of the spectrum to the other end. While images of boys drinking in the woods does not conjure up representations of hard c ore gang activity it does fit under the umbrella of the definition given above. This definition, obviously, leaves much to be desired. A sociologist, on the other hand, may describe the term gang with another set of values. As a result, a sociologist may describe a gang as a group whom: Are generally perceived as a distinct aggregation by others in their neighborhood, recognize themselves as a denotable group (almost invariably with a group name) and have been involved in a sufficient number of delinquent incidents to call forth a consistent negative response from neighborhood residents and/or enforcement agencies. (Sanders 9) This definition is less obscure than the previous one. However, it still leaves much to be desired. As one can see a ?clear cut? definition is extremely hard thing to determine. In order to define the term gang one must take a combination of several definitions. As a result, a combination of these two definitions must be faceted for the purpose of this paper. Gangs, for our purpose, can be characterized in the following manner: A group of youths that commit crimes that recognizes themselves as a ?gang?. As a result of a sufficient definition being unearthed, the focus of this paper can next be turned to the reasons for joining a gang. While there are a variety of reasons one may choose to enter into the gang environment, there are three prominent reasons that stand out. These reasons are psychological, financial, and physical. The psychological aspects of gang life are plentiful. Many youths in the inner city come from broken homes. As a result, these youths may turn to the gang life as a ?pseudo? family. The gang, which has a definite family hierarchy, becomes the family for the youth. However, the purpose of a family is to provide support, love, and protection. The hazardous gang life-style often provides injury and death as well. In addition to psychological support, gang life often provides financial support as well. Teens who would normally be making fifty to sixty dollars a week at a part time job can rake in as much as a thousand dollars per week by stealing or selling drugs in a gang setting. In

Health and safety

Health and safety Task 1INTRODUCTIONThe business, which I have decided to base this assignment on, is Mayfield School And College. The school has a large ground area with 6 additional buildings placed separately around the school site.As Mayfield has many department areas, I have decided to mainly focus on the IT department of the college.There are two main aspects of the IT department, which is;"Â «THE PRACTICAL - this involves the use of computers, with a qualified teacher or supervisor within the room to assist students."Â «THE THEORY - this involves taking part of sitting within a classroom with the traditional board and pen method of teaching.Each lesson is taught by an IT teacher that is responsible for each student. The teacher is obliged by law to be trained either visually or verbally on how to conduct of all health and safety aspects in how to keep students safe within each room.Health and Safety CommissionThe head of the IT department is Miss Christina Botha, these responsibilities would be part of her responsibility, to make sure all teachers know how to use equipment within a proper manner and know all fire drill regulations and first aid helpers. This should be taught to the employee during training.As all other business Mayfield has to obey by the Health and Safety laws. The health and safety law is a UK legislation running since the mid-nineteenth century, the main legislation that is run today is the health and safety act 1974, and this requires employers to formulate a written safety policy, places and obligation on employees to observe safety rules. This act established the Health and Safety Commission to formulate safety regulations and codes of practice, and the health and safety executive to enforce the provisions of the act.On the college grounds...

Sales Method and ads Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sales Method and ads - Case Study Example As a result, we witness that major companies such as automobile BMW spend around 1% of sales on advertising. Based on data obtained from different sources, automobile companies should set their percentage sales budget at around 2 to 3 % and beverage companies at around 10%. While, a jewellery shop would set it at around 10% and other retailers at a level of between 3 and 8% for womens clothing store. Advertising in a magazine is determined by the reach and number of circulation for the magazine. In the case of AARP Magazine and Readers Digest we understand that these magazines have a high distribution levels. The AARP magazine has a target market meant for people aged 50 and above and while the readership of Reader’s Digest is in the region of 10 million per month. In the process of determining the cost of a full page 4-color advertisement per thousand we have to make certain considerations. Some of the considerations include the readership and current trends in the media circle (OGuinn, 2011). For instance, old people prefer reading magazines and newspapers and thus they are quite slow in taking up technology. In the case of AARP and Reader’s Digest, we would have to compare the rates charged by top magazines such as Newsweek. Based on that assessment, these magazines should charge around $ 232, 000 for a full page Ad which amounts to a CPM of around $ 45. AARP is meant for the aged would be more cost effective for advertisers targeting this market (Clow, 2013). We require at least 60 sales people to service and pay visits to the 3,000 customers based on the calculation above. Sale people are important in the process of advertising and marketing since they maintain a close contact with customers. Sales people act as agents of communication on products and services that companies produce. However, the most significant duty that sales people have is building public relations

Advertising and Promotion in UltraChromSpec (UCS) Term Paper

Advertising and Promotion in UltraChromSpec (UCS) - Term Paper Example This paper illustrates that UltraChromSpec rapidly established a great reputation for its deliverance of superior quality standard of sales and service. As a result, the business of UltraChromSpec expanded drastically in its different field of activities not only in the US but also outside the Swiss borders into Austria and Germany. After twelve years of its initial foundation, UltraChromSpec started to execute its business operations outside Germany by having collaboration with one of the Swiss pharmaceutical giants i.e. Kaiser-Holzer (K-H). Gradually, UltraChromSpec transformed itself from a distributor to a manufacturer. In this connection, after the transformation from a distributor to a manufacturer, the businesses of UltraChromSpec were formed in three major divisions. One of the divisions is the Medical Division. In this division, UltraChromSpec started to sell mainly the hospital laboratory instruments and the critical care products which are manufactured by Kaiser-Holzer (K- H). The other division is the Analytical Division. In this division, UltraChromSpec started to sell electro or optical laboratory instruments. The other division has been the Electronics Division. In this particular division, UltraChromSpec started to sell electronic components and computer peripherals. According to Bruno Muller, the vision statement of the business policy of UltraChromSpec is, â€Å"Experience has realized us that we cannot do everything, but at least we can be sure that the activities in which we are engaged to do benefit our customers†. It has been identified that the marketing team of UltraChromSpec which is situated in the headquarters in Zurich had reorganized especially the Analytical Division into two business units and the units were again segregated into two distinct groups. The two business units of the Analytical Division include Analytical Chemical Business Unit (which is again divided into two groups namely Spectrophotometry Product Group and Ch romatography Product Group) and Biochemistry Business Unit which is again sub-divided into Ultracentrifugation Product Group and Nuclear Counting Product Group.

Methods for Increased Discernment of Deception

Methods for Increased Discernment of Deception Getting to the Truth A Review of Information Gathering for the Purpose of Establishing the  Veracity of Certain Events with Recommendations for Application In consideration of the not simply punishing the guilty but in addition, for the purpose of the prevention of further crime, law enforcement officials have a significant need for information from witnesses and suspects. This information must, above all, be accurate and it must be gained by a legal means in a means that can be implemented often without extensive personnel or expense in a timely manner. Interestingly enough, despite the general regard of being regarded as â€Å"experts† and â€Å"professionals† in the information gathering business and despite varying degrees of training or experience, numerous studies have demonstrated than nearly all police officers perform at nearly the same levels as untrained civilians as they both tend to hover only slightly above that of a pure chance of 50/50. Though these studies produce somewhat varying rates, it is important to not that there is little consistent validity that certain populations are demonstrably better at dete cting deception than untrained or chance selections (Vrij 2004, p. 159; Vrij, et al. 2004, p. 283; Kassin Gudjonsson 2004, p. 37; Mann, et al. 2004, p. 137). In gathering information, the label of â€Å"interrogation† is attached to processes if the person being questioned is viewed as a primary suspect while the more benign term of â€Å"interview† attaches to those viewed as simply a witness, potential witness or other information gathering purpose. In light of this, one might rightly assume that the chief difference in this labeling of process is the presumptions of the interviewer or interrogator. In the process of interrogation, there is generally an assumption of guilt or at least culpable knowledge for which it is quite possible for induced interviewer bias to play a significant role in the outcome (Wright Allison 2004, p. 138; Gudjonsson 1992, p. 14). This bias is evident through the reply of one police officer in regards to this issue that, â€Å"†¦ we don’t interrogate innocent people† (Kassin Gudjonsson 2004, p. 36). Though it could be called an off-the-cuff remark, this is fairly typical of t he extent of bias that would likely result in a false-positive type error stemming from the subsequent behaviors such as attempts at â€Å"forcing† the subject to â€Å"talk† by not necessarily physical means (Memom, et al. 2003, pp. 57-58). Why People Lie To answer such a question, we might just as well ask, â€Å"Why do people tell the truth†? While these are simply two sides of the same coin, the question brings us no closer to the answer except that there are a potential myriad reasons yet by viewing it in this manner, some insight is possible. For example, in teaching values to groups to young people, one method to force the consideration of ethics is to ask the question, â€Å"Why one should not steal?† This purposefully leading question generally gets responses that either indicates an element of fundamental morality such as, â€Å"Because it is wrong†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or, alternatively, some variant of a fear of getting caught and the ensuing punishment. Similar to this, in consideration of the question of â€Å"why people lie†, the same tenets likely apply, that is they do so to escape punishment or other consequences or perhaps they do so based on the idea similar to the proposition of â€Å"the lesser of t wo evils† as might be the case when one tells an altruistic lie to protect another or to save a relationship (Memom, et al. 2003, pp. 10-11). In studies on lying, aside from the fact that it occurs more than one might think, there seem to be, in the minds of those who tell a lie, different types or degrees of lying depending on the stakes, the outcome and the person(s) deceived (Memom, et al. 2003, pp. 10-11). For example, if a â€Å"good thing† such as a job comes from a lie, it is more acceptable than a theft that occurs by deception. While this is likely how many people think, it is nonetheless a very slippery slope and the â€Å"good† done to one and the â€Å"harm† to another is quite debatable, depending on if one is the victim or the perpetrator. On method of gaining insight into the decision to tell a lie that assumes rationality, that is a conscious decision that a lie is in their calculated best interest, is to utilize the combined approach of motivation theory with the same type of payout ratio analysis used in decision risk modeling. With regards to motivation, one applicable model is that of Vroom’s Expectancy Theory in which the willingness of a person to perform some action is mediated by the interaction three variables (Dreher Dougherty 2002, pp. 34 – 36): Valence – The degree to which the outcome is desired. Instrumentality – The extent to which successful performance would result in the desired outcome. Expectancy – The likelihood of being able to perform a given task. In evaluating business decisions, companies will often construct a formal payout analysis in which the likelihood of positive outcome is weighed against the payout of success and the payout of failure. For example, the company that has a 50% chance of striking gold in a certain mine whose value is $10M but costs $1M to discover, regardless of success should rationally pursue this option which has a projected payoff of $4M (.5 x $10M less $1M expense). While this process of decision-making is easily illustrated utilizing financial examples, the fact that a decision has value to an individual is appropriate. Thus, when a person chooses to lie, they have consciously or not, evaluated their options and, from their perspective made a choice that lie outweighs the payoff of truth against the two possible â€Å"costs† of lying, that of the lie not being believed and that of being caught not telling the truth (Gonjonsson 1992, p. 21). Thus, by seeking to understand â€Å"why† a nd â€Å"how†, one can effectively understand â€Å"who† which aids the investigator to get inside the head of the person being questioned (Douglas Olshaker 1999, p. 17). The Problems of Confessions As indicated previously, the situational context of the interrogation process combined with the fact that police officers most likely have some degree of training in conjunction with the experience of dealing with deception extensively in their daily work yield the predictable result of â€Å"disbelieving people who are innocent with a great deal of confidence† (Kassin Gudjonsson 2004, p. 33). The well-documented presence of interviewer bias creates this situation in which only statements that support the interviewers already held beliefs (Wright Allison 2004, p. 139). This process, in an estimated 30% of the roughly 60% of cases that in which someone confesses, leads to an eventual confession of â€Å"something† culpable (Loftus 2004, p. I; Gudjonsson 1992, p. 50; Pearse, et al. 1998, pp. 1 – 2). Like the variance in the studies citing the ability to detect a lie, there are variance indications of the extent to which false confessions are given with the true n umber difficult to measure (Memom, et al. 2003, p. 76). Despite the problems in getting a true assessment of the problem, there is agreement that certain types of people are much more likely to confess than other groups. For example, youth or those who suffer from some mental disorder or diminished capacity are â€Å"prone†¦ to provide information which is unrelable, misleading or self-incriminating† (Pearse, et al. 1998, p. 2). In data collected on real-life police interviews with the accompanying real-life consequences, research revealed four generally applicable predictors of the likelihood of a confession (Pearse, et al. 1998, pp. 9 – 13): Age – 60% of confessors in this inquiry were under 25 while 60% of deniers were over 25. Drug Use within the last 24 hours was just over 3x as likely to confess. The presence of counsel reduced the rate of confessions by  ¼ the rate as when no counsel was present. Prison or previous documented criminal experience decreased the odds of a confession by  ½ as naà ¯ve subjects. With this information, it is possible to implement practices and procedures by which the pursuit of truth by managing situations in which false confessions due the subjects succumbing to perceived pressure to come up with something that will be â€Å"rewarded† is possible. These practices should likely include (Memom, et al. 2003, pp. 82 85): Using more information gathering-type approaches rather than â€Å"tricky techniques† designed to elicit a confession. Record all interviews and interrogations. Include legal counsel that do more than simply point out administrative issues but act in the interest of the client. Identify and require an â€Å"audit† of particularly at-risk persons. Require additional evidence to corroborate a confession. Discernment Techniques: Raising the Odds of Detection Perhaps most striking about the detection of deception is that there is no standard â€Å"Pinnochio’s nose† or nonverbal behavior that exists to signal an intent to deceive (Vrij 2004, p. 160; Memom, et al. 2003, pp. 11 – 12). This fallacy is one in which people superimpose how they might feel with how they think another should feel and, with this in mind, other indicators of deception will be examined Most people are somewhat familiar with the typical lie detector which utilizes subtle changes in autonomic measures such as galvanic skin responses, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration as correlates of an emotional response to a specific stimulus indicated the subject is concealing knowledge. Under controlled conditions, with a trained operator and a voluntary subject, accuracy rates as high as 95% have been claimed, this apparatus in no longer acceptable in court a a sole source for conviction (Gilbert 2004, pp. 138 – 140; Memom, et al. 2003, pp. 21 – 25; Bennett Hess 2001, pp. 160 – 161). The use of polygraphs as well as electroencephalograms (EEG) to record the autonomic responses to questioning have made to the detection of deception, specifically the attempt to hide specific knowledge, much more difficult. As the brain is very much an organ characterized by the transmission of electrical impulses, its activity is correlated to the conscious and unconscious information it processes. One very specific component of the brainwave, upon stimulation by a question or picture, evokes an excitation in brain wave patterns to the degree that a novel meaningful stimulus can be discerned by the researcher, regardless of what the subject claims. This component, dubbed the â€Å"P300† as it is positive in direction and it occurs 300 milliseconds after stimulation, can be defeated through specific means but for the usual criminal type that does not read journals of physiopsychology, it is a very reliable detector of cognitive effort to deceive (Rosenfeld, et al. 2004, pp. 2 05 – 206). This insight is somewhat complimentary to a less equipment-intensive method in which the interviewer pays close attention to the level of cognitive effort the subject is using. This is based on the reasonable assumption that a liar, in keeping their story straight, must work harder to construct a believable falsehood (Kassin Gudjonsson 2004, p. 39; Bennett Hess 2001, p. 160). In a truthful recollection, it is possible that details may be remembered at one point and omitted in another but the story retains the same essence. This is especially observable when the subject is questioned in a way that takes the elements out of sequential order; the difficulty in getting the details consistent takes considerable effort and is not always successful. This method of deception detection is dubbed â€Å"implicit† as one is considering the element of cognitive effort required to â€Å"keep the story straight† rather than simply if they are lying or not in order to determine the v eracity of the statement(s) made (Vrij 2004, p. 172). Complimentary to this and working in the investigator’s favor is that the subject in most likely not aware of what the police know and is thus at a significant disadvantage with regards to knowing how much information to disclose and how much to withhold (Vrij 2004, p. 170). Similarly, the focal point of the investigation should be upon what the subjects says and, to the degree possible, what the subject does not say through apparent efforts to conceal knowledge. In conclusion, as a result of both seeking to understand the â€Å"how† and â€Å"why†, a law enforcement official can better determine the ultimate culpability for a crime. In consideration of this information the following are presented as suggested methods for increased discernment of deception: Keep an open mind – As indicated, the common view that subjects are lying only â€Å"when their lips are moving† is strong evidence of interrogator bias and is likely to find exactly what the interrogator is looking for†¦ regardless of the truth. You are not interrogating Pinocchio – A belief that liars fidget may or may not hold. The subject may be nervous as this could be their first questioning. They may have been drinking†¦ ad infinitem. Do not interrupt, do not release information unless necessary – The fact that they do not know what you know is a very good thing. This information asymmetry works to both gather more information and better evaluate it. Do not look at the person’s face Facial clues are unreliable, person to person, and a layer of misleading data upon the real focus, the content of the interview. Though nonverbal clues may be present, research indicates that content issues such as omissions or inconsistencies are most likely where clues reside. Consider the amount of effort the subject is using – By using the implicit method of deception detection, more reliable, valid assessments are possible than simply trying to determine if the subject is lying. Record the interview – This is recommended not just for later review and protection of all involved but such as step allows the interview to focus on the content. Works Consulted Bennett, W.W., and Hess, K.M. (2001). Criminal Investigation, 6th edition. Stamford, Connecticut: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Douglas, J. and Olshaker, M. (1999). The Anatomy of Motive. New York, New York: Pocket Books. Dreher, G.F., and Dougherty, T.W. (2002). Human Resource Strategy: A Behavioral Perspective for the General Manager. Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw–Hill Irwin. Gilbert, J.N. (2004). Criminal Investigation, 6th edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall. Gudjonsson, G. (1992). The Psychology of Interrogations, Confessions and Testimony. Chichester, UK: Wiley Sons. Kassin, S.M. and Gudjonsson, G.H. (2004). â€Å"The Psychology of Confessions: A Review of the Literature and Issues†. Psychological Science in the Public Interest (5)2, pp. 33 – 67. Loftus, E. (2004). â€Å"The Devil in Confessions†. Psychological Science in the Public Interest (5)2, pp. i – ii. Memon, A. Vrij, A. Bull, R. (2003). Psychology and Law, 2nd Edition. Chichester, UK: Wiley Sons. Pearse, J., Gudjonsson, G.H., Clare, I.C.H., and Rutter, S. (1998). â€Å"Police Interviewing and Psychological Vulnerabilities: Predicting the Likelihood of a Confession†. Journal of Community Applied Psycholog, 8, pp. 1 – 21. Rosenfeld, J.P., Soskins, M., Bosh, G., and Ryan, A. (2004). â€Å"Simple, effective countermeasures to P300-based tests of detection of concealed information†. Psychopysiology, 41, pp. 205 – 219. Vrij, A., Evans, H., Akehurst, L., and Mann, S. ( 2004). â€Å"Rapid Judgements in Assessing Verbal and Nonverbal Cues: Their Potential for Deception Researchers and Lie Detection†. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, pp. 283 – 296. Vrij, A. (2004). â€Å"Why Professionals Fail to Catch Liars and How they Can Improve†. Legal and Criminal Psychology, 9, pp. 159 – 181.